Topic 5 : Synthesis.

Assalamualaikum,


    In topic 5, we have learnt about the synthesis which is the fifth step in Big 6. From my understanding, synthesis is organizing & combining the information together & presenting the information. By using the synthesis it allow people to get more understand. There are 4 organizational strategies:

Organizational by Category or Concept, Chronological Organization, Hierarchical Organization, Alphabetical Organization. 


1) Organizational by Category or Concept : Breaking down into the several or respective parts.

2) Chronological Organization : According to the time-line, steps, process & etc.

3) Hierarchical Organization : Used when the information is best conveyed in a specific order.

4)Alphabetical Organization : Follow the alphabetical letter, e.g : A,B,C,D & etc.

Alhamdulillah, finally we are finished the topic, I would to say the deepest thankful to Miss Nisha because gave me the precious knowledge that very useful in my study and my life as well.

Topic 4 : Citation, Bibliography & Reference.

Assalamualaikum,

    In this topic, I have learnt how to do the reference of the books, articles and other sources when refer to this sources in order to complete the researching a topic and writing a paper. The material list have following component such as:

-Author.
-Title.
-Place of publication.
-Publisher.
-Year of publication.

    I have learnt how to do references by using APA style.  APA is stand for American Psychological Association. There are 3 rules for APA style which are TITLE, AUTHOR, and DOCUMENTATION. For Documenting Author, have several ways to write depends on amount of author of that book. If in 1 book have 2 author, we can write like this : Izzo, J. & Gates, B. (1999). But if the author more than 6, we just add { et. al } after the sixth author's name.

Rules for references :

• We have to capitalize only the first letter in each words, title or subtitle.
• Underline or italic the Title of books, Title of Journal, Title of Magazines, Title of newspaper.
• If place of publication have many, only choose the first one.
• Arrange in alphabetical order.
• Do not put the number/bullet in bibliography/reference.
• Single space.

use hanging indent (1/2 inch).

APA Citation

There are 3 sources of integration, that are QUOTATIONS, PARAPHRASING & SUMMARIZING.

1) QUOTATIONS.

• Use the author's words exactly and use quotation mark only for short quotation. 
• We cannot use if more than 40 words.
•  Give the year of publication in parentheses after the writer's name and page number at the end of the quotation.
• Do not forget to put a period AFTER the parentheses not before.
•  Must be identical to the original. 

2) PARAPHRASING.

• Put a passage from source material into your own words.
• Attribute paraphrases to their original sources.
• Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may be the same length as the original passage.
• Paraphrases take a more focused segment of the source and condense it slightly.
• Cite the source and the date.
• Do NOT use quotation marks.

3) SUMMARIZING.

• Put the main ideas into your own words, including the main points.
• Summaries are significantly shorter than the original.
• Do not use quotation marks.
• State only the most important idea or fact.
• Use as few words as possible.

If we did not do the references when taking someone work, it is plagiarism.